How do personal vehicles contribute to air quality issues?

Personal vehicles contribute to air quality issues primarily through the emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants are byproducts of fuel combustion in engines, which occur during the operation of gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles.

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of smog which can negatively affect respiratory health. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can interfere with the body’s ability to transport oxygen. Nitrogen oxides, on the other hand, play a significant role in the formation of acid rain and contribute to respiratory problems as well as the creation of ground-level ozone.

This combination of pollutants released from personal vehicles is a primary concern in terms of air quality, making option A the most accurate choice in describing how these vehicles impact the environment. The other choices do touch on relevant topics, but they do not address the specific emissions that directly relate to air quality concerns as comprehensively as the correct option does. For instance, while consuming fossil fuels does contribute to pollution, it is the emissions that are specifically linked to air quality degradation.