Which of the following components does a catalytic converter primarily transform?

A catalytic converter primarily transforms hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into less harmful emissions. The conversion process occurs through catalytic reactions facilitated by precious metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium within the converter.

Hydrocarbons, which are unburned fuel components, and carbon monoxide, a toxic gas produced from incomplete combustion, are both prevalent in vehicle exhaust. The catalytic converter aids in converting these harmful pollutants into carbon dioxide and water, thereby reducing the overall toxicity of vehicle emissions.

The focus on hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the correct answer highlights the importance of addressing these specific pollutants in efforts to reduce overall vehicle emissions, thereby improving air quality and public health.